What are the common conjunctions used for clause linking in Chinese?
Common conjunctions used for clause linking in Chinese include 和 (hé) for "and", 但是 (dànshì) for "but", 因为 (yīnwèi) for "because", 所以 (suǒyǐ) for "therefore", 虽然 (suīrán) for "although", and 如果 (rúguǒ) for "if".
How does clause linking in Chinese differ from English?
Clause linking in Chinese often relies on juxtaposition and the use of conjunctions like 和 (hé, "and") and 因为 (yīnwèi, "because"), whereas English frequently employs a wider range of conjunctions and relative pronouns. Chinese also tends to use topic-comment structures, which differ from the subject-predicate structures common in English.
How do you express cause and effect relationships in Chinese clause linking?
Cause and effect relationships in Chinese clause linking are often expressed using conjunctions like "因为" (yīnwèi, because) and "所以" (suǒyǐ, so), for example: "因为他生病了,所以他没有来" (Because he was ill, he didn't come).
What role do sentence-final particles play in Chinese clause linking?
Sentence-final particles in Chinese clause linking indicate the speaker's attitude, mood, or certainty about the statement, and they help to clarify the relationship between clauses, such as continuation, conclusion, or emphasis, thus enhancing coherence and nuance in communication.
How do you use relative clauses in Chinese clause linking?
Relative clauses in Chinese typically precede the noun they modify and are often marked by the particle "的" (de). For example, in "喜欢看书的学生" (xǐhuān kànshū de xuéshēng), "喜欢看书的" (likes reading) is the relative clause modifying "学生" (student).