What are the main sound contrasts between Mandarin and Cantonese?
The main sound contrasts between Mandarin and Cantonese lie in tone and phoneme variety. Mandarin uses four tones, while Cantonese employs six to nine tones, depending on the analysis. Additionally, Cantonese has more initial consonants and a greater variety of syllable endings, including more final consonants.
How do tones influence meaning in Mandarin Chinese?
Tones in Mandarin Chinese influence meaning by differentiating words that have the same phonetic pronunciation. Each tone alters the pitch contour of a syllable, creating distinct words with different meanings. Mandarin utilises four main tones, plus a neutral tone, to achieve this. Mispronouncing a tone can lead to misunderstandings.
How many tones does Cantonese have compared to Mandarin?
Cantonese has six to nine tones, depending on the analysis, whereas Mandarin has four primary tones and a neutral tone.
What are some common minimal pairs in Mandarin Chinese?
Some common minimal pairs in Mandarin Chinese include: "bā" (八, eight) vs. "pā" (趴, lie down), "mā" (妈, mother) vs. "mǎ" (马, horse), "zhī" (知, know) vs. "zhǐ" (纸, paper), and "shí" (十, ten) vs. "sì" (四, four).
How do consonant and vowel contrasts differ in Mandarin and Cantonese?
Mandarin primarily contrasts consonants through aspiration (e.g., "p" vs "ph"), while Cantonese contrasts through voicing (e.g., "b" vs "p"). Mandarin has 6 tones affecting vowels, whereas Cantonese has 9, impacting vowel sounds more intricately. Mandarin vowels change with tone largely, while Cantonese utilises a wider array of phonemes.