What is closed source or proprietary software?

Closed source or proprietary software refers to a type of software whose source code is not publicly accessible. The original authors of the software retain exclusive legal rights to copy, distribute, and modify the software. Generally, to use such software, users must purchase or lease it from the software developer. Examples of proprietary software include Microsoft Windows, Adobe Flash Player, PS3 OS, iTunes, etc.

What are the advantages of using proprietary software?

Proprietary software often comes with professional customer support and regular updates, which ensure it stays secure and bug-free. It usually offers more sophisticated and unique features compared to free software, catering specifically to business needs. Quality control is higher since it's developed by a dedicated team of experts. Users can also expect a more streamlined user-experience due to better design and testing.

Is Microsoft Word a proprietary software?

Yes, Microsoft Word is proprietary software. It's owned by Microsoft Corporation and its source code is not available for public viewing or modification. You can only use it if you have purchased a license or it is included in a Microsoft subscription package.

What is an example of a proprietary software?

Microsoft Windows is an example of a proprietary software. It is owned by Microsoft Corporation and its source code is not disclosed to the public. Other examples include Adobe Acrobat, iTunes from Apple and Skype.

What is the difference between proprietary software and freeware?

Proprietary software is developed by a specific company and is owned by that company, which restricts access, modification, and distribution of the software. Freeware, on the other hand, is software that is available for use at no monetary cost, but may come with certain restrictions or limitations, such as lack of access to source code or limitations on commercial use. Therefore, the main difference lies in licensing, ownership and usage conditions.

What is the main difference between 'Closed Source Software' and 'Proprietary Software'?

While all closed source software is proprietary, not all proprietary software is closed source. Proprietary software could have its source code available for scrutiny but barred from modification or limited in redistribution.

What is the meaning of proprietary software licenses?

Proprietary Software Licenses are legal frameworks (EULAs) that govern the usage, distribution, and sharing of proprietary software, retaining crucial rights with the copyright holder, and defining usage boundaries and responsibilities.

What does the license agreement of Proprietary Software allow you to do?

The license allows you to use the software, but you do not own it. There can be restrictions on copying the software or installing it on multiple machines. Developers retain all rights, except those granted to you.

What advantages does proprietary software provide?

Proprietary software provides assured quality and superior functionality, comes with reliable support including updates and bug fixes, offers customisation services, ensures high compatibility with other platforms and programs, and enhances computer systems' performance, security, and support.

What are the key characteristics of Proprietary Software?

Key characteristics include restricted source code accessibility, use restrictions as per license agreement, and limited customisation due to restricted access to source code.

Proprietary Software: Basics, Pros & Examples

Understanding Proprietary Software

Proprietary software, also known as closed-source software, is an integral part of everyday computing. It's software that comes with restrictions on its use, modification, and distribution.

Definition: What is a Proprietary Software?

Proprietary Software refers to any software which is copyrighted and bears restrictions on inspection, modification, and distribution of its source code. It's usually developed by individuals, companies or other entities who maintain exclusive control over it.

For instance, Microsoft Office is a classic example of proprietary software.

As an user, you're allowed to use it, but the source code behind it is not open for you to tinker or modify. The only party who controls, modifies and updates it is Microsoft itself.

Characteristics of Proprietary Software

There are a few key attributes of proprietary software. Let's break it down:

Source Code Accessibility: The source code of proprietary software is not openly accessible. Only the authorised personnel, such as the developers at the owning company, can access it.
Restrictions on Use: One can only use the software as per the stipulations outlined in the license agreement.
Limited Customisation: Since access to the underlying source code is restricted, flexibility in customising the software as per user needs is limited.

Restrictions do not necessarily mean drawbacks. On the contrary, proprietary software leads the market in many areas, including quality of user interface and customer support. Software houses put significant resources into ensuring that their products provide a smooth experience for the end user.

Proprietary Software License: What you need to know

When you purchase proprietary software, what you're really buying is a license to use it. This license can vary significantly between different software, but there are a few commonalities:

The license allows you to use the software, but you do not own the software.
Often, the license will have restrictions on copying the software or installing it on multiple machines.
The software developer retains all rights, except those specifically granted to you.

These terms are typically covered in End User License Agreements (EULA). It's a contract between the licensor and purchaser, establishing the purchaser's right to use the software.

Proprietary Software	License Type
Microsoft Office	Commercial
Adobe Photoshop	Commercial
McAfee Antivirus	Commercial

It is crucial to read and understand the license agreement before using any proprietary software. The agreement will detail your rights concerning the software, illuminating how and where one can utilize the software. In essence, understanding proprietary software is crucial for optimising your use of technology within the legal boundaries. Not only does this knowledge enhance your ethical use of technology, but it also prepares you for a future where digital literacy is paramount.

Closed Source Software in Detail

Closed Source Software, often synonymous with Proprietary Software, is a model of software distribution where the source code is not shared with the public for viewing or editing. It's guarded by copyright law and often, it is a commercial commodity, developed and maintained by a specific company or individuals. The novelty and uniqueness that closed source software offer are protection under legal walls, making it a lucrative asset for software developing entities.

Distinguishing Closed Source Software and Proprietary Software

While the terms 'Closed Source Software' and 'Proprietary Software' are often used interchangeably, they are not exactly synonymous. Their distinction is subtle but important.

Proprietary Software specifically refers to any software whose usage, redistribution, or modification are subjected to legally enforceable restrictions, established by the copyright holder itself.

On the other hand, Closed Source Software is a kind of proprietary software where access to the source code is barred, literally closed-off from public access. While all closed source software is proprietary, not all proprietary software is closed source. There can be proprietary software whose source code may be available for scrutiny but barred from modification or limited in redistribution.

Say a developer decides to make the source code of their proprietary software visible to the public for inspection. While this software remains proprietary, it no longer falls under the category of closed source since its code is not 'closed' or hidden from view.

The closed-source software model often comes with some important implications.

End-User Dependency: Users are reliant on the software provider for updates and bug fixes. This reliance can sometimes lead to a delay in solving technical issues.
Cost: Closed source software often comes at a certain cost. This cost can be a one-time purchase price, a subscription fee, or in the form of in-app purchases.
Privacy: With closed source software, it can often be hard to fully understand what the software is doing. Is it collecting data? Is it secure to use? As the source code is not open to public inspection, it is difficult to ascertain these facts.

An Overview of Closed Source Software

In understanding software systems, the closed source model proves to be an important part that plays a unique role. Despite its restrictions, it has its advantages.

Closed source software can often be more stable and bug-free, as it is commonly developed by dedicated teams who put substantial effort and expertise into its development. They usually come with professional support from the developer company and provide streamlined updates.

Many industry-leading software like Microsoft Windows, Adobe Photoshop, and Google Earth use the closed source model. Let's consider these software as examples:

Closed Source Software	Company	Functionality
Microsoft Windows	Microsoft	Operating System
Adobe Photoshop	Adobe Systems	Graphic Design
Google Earth	Google	Geographic Data/Mapping

These examples demonstrate how pervasive and dominant closed source software is in the technology landscape. Although closed source software restricts access to its source code, it ensures consistency, quality, and reliable support. It also motivates developers to stay ahead of the curve, as commercial success relies on offering innovative and secure features that open source alternatives might lack. Hence, in different respects, closed source software is an essential cornerstone of the digital infrastructure.

Examination of Proprietary Software Examples

The world of proprietary software is vast and diverse, encompassing a multitude of applications across different industries. From operating systems to security apps, there is a myriad of software that strictly protect their source code under copyright laws, ensuring their unique functionalities, user experiences, and business models stay exclusive.

Common Examples of Proprietary Software

Exploring some common examples developed by notable companies can lay a foundation in understanding the landscape of proprietary software in today's tech-driven era. Take, for example,

Microsoft Windows: Used by millions worldwide, this licensed operating system has been the backbone of personal computing for decades. It's user-friendly interface, coupled with unique features, and regular updates demonstrate how a proprietary system can evolve to meet user needs over time.
Adobe Creative Suite: Applications like Photoshop, Illustrator, and Premiere Pro are industry standards in creative media production. They are renowned for their rich features, smooth user interface, and professional-grade tools, expertly designed under the proprietary model.
Apple's iOS: Powering every iPhone and iPad, iOS represents the epitome of a sleek and intuitive user interface for mobile devices. This operating system is developed and maintained by Apple itself, embodying the principles of proprietary software to the core.

Each of these examples employs a different business model. Usually, a one-time fee or a subscription model funds its continual development and support.

How Popular Software use Proprietary Systems?

Proprietary systems aren't just about keeping source code confidential. They offer opportunities for businesses to offer unique features, entire ecosystems, and reliable customer support, ultimately providing value that stands out. Let's examine how this happens with some common tools:

Software	Company	How Do They Use Proprietary Systems?
Microsoft Office Suite	Microsoft	Microsoft develops, improves, and debugs all the applications included in the Office Suite using their in-house programming team. Proprietary measures ensure no third party can introduce unofficial modifications, keeping the user experience consistent and secure.
Adobe Acrobat	Adobe Systems	Adobe Acrobat allows for advanced PDF editing, with a host of features such as digital signatures and form creation far beyond basic viewing. This scope of functionality - developed, updated, and maintained by Adobe alone – is what makes it unique.
Apple's iTunes	Apple Inc.	Apple’s iTunes is more than just a media player. It allows for music, movies, and TV show purchases, iOS device management, and more. Their proprietary approach keeps all these services within its singular, integrated ecosystem.

In each case, these proprietary systems establish a controlled environment where quality, consistency, and distinctiveness can be maintained and built upon. As a result, these software companies retain user trust and engagement, helping them to remain at the forefront of technology and innovation. In conclusion, the proprietary software model is crucial to keep in mind while interacting with software systems. As consumers, it helps you understand the rights and limitations associated with the use of different software. On the other hand, for business and enterprises, the model provides a legal framework to work within while developing unique software solutions.

Advantages of Proprietary Software

It is easy to glance at the realm of proprietary software and perceive it as a restrictive model, primarily due to its closed-source nature. However, this particular approach to software creation and distribution is not without its merits. The proprietary software model actually brings with it several notable advantages that serve to enhance the user experience, provide exclusive features, and ensure optimal quality control.

Unique Benefits of Proprietary Software

Firstly, proprietary software often offers assured quality. Since a dedicated team of professional developers painstakingly crafts every aspect of the software, the software tends to be of high quality and deliver superior functionality. Also, these developers are very particular about the user experience and ensure that it runs seamlessly. This includes a well-designed, intuitive user interface - something that proprietary software often excels in. This makes it more user-friendly, encouraging more people to use and rely on it on a regular basis. For example, consider the Microsoft Office Suite. The interfaces of Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and other programs are designed with great precision, making it easy for users to utilise the software's wide range of functions. With time, Microsoft has refined these interfaces based on user feedback and technological advancements, further enhancing the user experience.

Software Support: Proprietary software usually comes with reliable support from the provider. This includes regular updates, security patches, bug fixes, and professional customer service. Users can expect help at any time, which can be valuable for businesses that rely heavily on the software for daily operations.
Customisation Services: Even though proprietary software is generally not as flexible as open source software in terms of customisation, the providers often offer paid services for customisation. They can modify the software to meet your special requirements, which could prove crucial for a business looking for solutions tailored to its unique needs.
High Compatibility: The proprietary software providers often ensure high compatibility with other widely-used platforms, programs, and protocols. For instance, Microsoft Office files can be seamlessly imported into countless other software, saving time and avoiding potential hitches.

How Proprietary Software Enhances Computer Systems

Proprietary software can significantly enhance computer systems in multiple ways. Systems equipped with proprietary software tend to deliver stellar performance, reliable support, and a smooth user experience. Firstly, given the exclusive nature of proprietary software, these are tailored with specific hardware components in mind. This results in a computer system that's primed for performance with the installed software. As this software can make the optimal use of hardware resources and bring out the very best in a system's performance, it benefits the overall user experience. Secondly, computer systems running proprietary software tend to fare well in terms of security. Thanks to regular updates and security patches rolled out by the developers, these systems are less vulnerable to hacks, data theft, and other security issues.

For instance, think about an operating system like Windows 10. Microsoft regularly releases updates for Windows 10, keeping it secure against the latest threats, optimised for newer hardware, and equipped with new features and refinements. This steady stream of updates keeps the computer running smoothly and keeps it protected from many potential threats.

In addition, proprietary software often comes with excellent customer support. Thus, should there be any technical issues or errors, the support team is in place to provide prompt assistance. Let's summarise these enhancements with a few key points:

Performance: Given the tailored nature of proprietary software, these can optimally leverage the hardware resources of a system, delivering robust performance and speed.
Security: Regular updates, security patches, and high-level encryption integrated into proprietary software keep the computer system secure and less vulnerable to cyber threats.
Support: Reliable customer support can aid in swiftly resolving any technical glitches or issues, ensuring the smooth functioning of the system.

Proprietary software helps to build a functional, secure, and improved computing environment. Its unique advantages make it a fundamental part of the fabric of the digital world. By understanding these benefits, you're better equipped to appreciate and utilise proprietary software systems in the most effective way.

Exploring Proprietary Software License

Proprietary Software License forms the backbone of how proprietary software is used, distributed, and shared. It is the legal mechanism that grants you the rights to use proprietary software while retaining crucial rights with the copyright holder. Understanding this license gives clarity about the responsibility and boundaries you hold as a user.

Basics of Proprietary Software License

When you purchase a proprietary software, you are not buying the rights to the software itself but merely a license to use it. Using proprietary software without a valid license could result in legal repercussions and is considered a violation of copyright law.

Proprietary Software License, often known as EULA (End User License Agreement), sets the legal framework of the terms and conditions that govern the use, redistribution, and resale of the software.

Sensitive to the type of license, your usage rights may considerably vary. To understand the spectrum of software licenses, imagine two poles. At one pole, there are highly restrictive licenses that give minimal rights to the user. An example is a license that allows you to install the software on a single workstation machine (identified by a unique ID).

At the other pole, some licenses are granting broader rights, like installing the software on multiple machines and even allowing for secondary users to use the software. An example is a Home and Student license that offers more flexibility. The type of license you have greatly influences its scope of usability. Therefore, understanding them can give you insights on how to leverage them best for your needs. To portray the crux of proprietary software licenses, let's consider these three primary properties:

Non-Transferability: Most proprietary software licenses stipulate that the software cannot be sold or passed on. The buyer of the software license does not own the software; instead, they simply have the right to use it. This includes the terms of the license.
Non-Modifiability: A user is not permitted to modify, change or alter the original code of the software. For instance, a user can't change the features of software or hack around any limitations that the software includes. Infringing on this could lead to serious legal consequences.
Use Boundaries: The license contains explicit terms of how many machines can the software be installed on, the duration of the license, the type of users that can use it, among others. Violation of these terms could result in the licence being revoked.

Your Rights Under a Proprietary Software License

It might seem by the controlled nature of proprietary software licenses, users are entitled to scanty rights. On the contrary, they are granted crucial rights that revolve around the usage of the software, often far-reaching. Understanding these rights is paramount to legally and carefully distinguishing the means of usage. These are the three primary rights granted to you under a proprietary software license:

Right to Use: The software company cannot prevent you from using the software for the duration of the license. As long as you comply with the agreed-upon terms, you have the unfettered right to use the software.
No Obsolescence: The company cannot force you to stop using an older version of the software if you do not want to upgrade. Even when support and updates for the software stop, you still have the right to use it.
Transfer of License: In some scenarios, software licenses may be transferred. It is conditional and allowed under specific circumstances such as organisational mergers or buyouts. This depends on the details in the EULA and may vary across different software.

If you do violate some terms of the software license, how would the breach be identified and enforced? The mechanism varies. Some companies use a combination of unique software keys, internet-based authentication, and sophisticated algorithms to identify violations of the terms of their licenses. It's crucial to remember that breaches can result in getting your license revoked, facing legal action, or hefty fines. If you are not clear on the terms of your license, it's advisable to seek professional assistance to clarify the terms before you use the software. In summary, proprietary software licenses dictate the terms of software usage within the legal precincts. They are binding agreements that a user must adhere to when using the software. A thorough understanding of these licenses allows you to navigate the use of such software ethically and legally, while maximising its utility and value.

Proprietary Software - Key takeaways

Proprietary software is also known as closed-source software. It is software that comes with stipulations and restrictions on use, modification, and distribution.
The software is typically developed by individuals, companies, or other entities who maintain exclusive control over it.
The source code of proprietary software is not openly accessible and modifications to the software are generally limited.
Examples of proprietary software include Microsoft Office, Adobe Creative Suite and Apple's iOS.
A Proprietary Software License is purchased when acquiring proprietary software. This grants use of the software, but all rights remain with the software developer.

Proprietary Software

StudySmarter Editorial Team

Understanding Proprietary Software

Definition: What is a Proprietary Software?

Characteristics of Proprietary Software

Proprietary Software License: What you need to know

Closed Source Software in Detail