What steps are being taken to mitigate orbital debris?
Mitigation measures include designing satellites for de-orbiting after missions, using materials that burn up upon re-entry, implementing collision avoidance protocols, and developing debris removal technologies such as space tugs and nets. International guidelines and policies also promote responsible space operations to minimise debris creation.
How does orbital debris affect spacecraft operations?
Orbital debris poses significant risks to spacecraft by increasing the likelihood of collisions, which can damage or destroy operational satellites. Even small debris travelling at high velocities can puncture spacecraft surfaces, disrupt instruments, and impair functionality. This necessitates evasive manoeuvres and robust shielding designs for protection.
What are the primary sources of orbital debris?
The primary sources of orbital debris include defunct satellites, spent rocket stages, fragments from the breakup of larger objects, and mission-related debris such as discarded hardware and tools.
How is orbital debris tracked and monitored?
Orbital debris is tracked and monitored using ground-based radars, telescopes, and space-based sensors. Organisations such as NASA and ESA maintain comprehensive databases. Advanced algorithms predict collision risks, helping to safeguard active satellites. Collaboration amongst international space agencies enhances tracking accuracy.
What defines an object as orbital debris?
Orbital debris is defined as any non-functional, human-made object in orbit around Earth, including defunct satellites, spent rocket stages, and fragments from disintegration, collisions, or other space activities.