n type Semiconductor

Definition of n type Semiconductor

Structure and Diagram of n type Semiconductor

In an n-type semiconductor, conduction happens predominantly due to negatively charged electrons. These electrons come from the extra valence electron provided by the impurity atoms. The following diagram can help visualize this.

Structure of n-type semiconductor: 

                    Pentavalent Impurity
                          |
Silicon Atom - Silicon Atom - Silicon Atom

(Each line represents a bond)

Here you can see the pentavalent impurity in between the silicon atoms. This is the cause of the negative charge carrier that enables n-type semiconductors to conduct electricity.

Role of Fermi Level in n type Semiconductor

The role of the Fermi Level in an n-type semiconductor is significant as it influences this type of semiconductor's electrical conductivity.

In an intrinsic or pure semiconductor, the Fermi Level lies midway between the valence and conduction bands. However, in an n-type semiconductor, the Fermi Level shifts closer to the conduction band due to the excess of electrons.

This distinction makes n-type semiconductors an excellent choice for a wide variety of electrical applications.

n type vs p type Semiconductor: A Comparative Insight

In electronics, the efficient manipulation of electrical current is crucial to initialise specific tasks. Semiconductors more precisely, doped semiconductors namely n-type and p-type, serve as the backbone for this function acting like a switch. They primarily differ in the type of impurities added, which further influences their specific charge carriers and conductivity. So, let's delve deeper into the distinctions and in-depth comparison of n-type and p-type semiconductors.

Distinction Between n type and p type Semiconductor

On the first glance, n-type and p-type semiconductors might seem similar, both are modified versions of intrinsic semiconductors, specifically designed to enhance the movement of current. However, the method of creation and the resultant properties are distinctively different. An n-type semiconductor is created by introducing pentavalent impurities into the semiconductor, while a p-type semiconductor is created by doping the semiconductor with a trivalent impurity. The major distinguishing factor is the type of dominant charge carriers present in each case.

• In an n-type semiconductor, the pentavalent impurity added contributes an extra electron, making electrons the majority charge carriers.
• On the other hand, a trivalent impurity in a p-type semiconductor creates a hole in the semiconductor's crystal lattice, making the holes the majority charge carriers.

Conductivity Of n type versus p type Semiconductor

The nature of impurities in the semiconductor affects their ability to conduct electric current which in turn depends on the dominant charge carriers. In both types of semiconductors, both electrons and holes exist. However, one type dominates over the other, and hence the type of semiconductor is defined based on the majority carrier.

In n-type semiconductors, because the dominant carriers are negative electrons, the current flows from the negative end to the positive end. Conversely, in p-type semiconductors, as the majority carriers are 'positive' holes, the current flows from the positive end to the negative end. This difference might seem small, but it significantly influences the behaviour of these semiconductors in various electronic systems.

The quantum energy levels, represented by Fermi energy level \(E_F\), also differ in the two types of semiconductors. In an n-type semiconductor, \(E_F\) moves closer to the conduction band due to the presence of excess electrons. On the other hand, in a p-type semiconductor, \(E_F\) shifts towards the valence band due to the lack of electrons, i.e., presence of holes. As a result, the ease of conduction in n-type semiconductors is usually higher compared to p-type semiconductors under similar conditions.

Deeper Dive into Characteristics of n type Semiconductor

The fascinating world of semiconductors, particularly the n-type semiconductor, has a wealth of properties and behaviours worth exploring. Characters such as the Hall effect, changes in Fermi levels, and intrinsic diagrammatic roles play crucial roles in determining the utility and applications of n-type semiconductors.

The Function of Hall Effect in n type Semiconductor

Among the factors that determine the unique nature of n-type semiconductors, the Hall Effect is particularly interesting. This mechanism provides a way to determine whether a specific semiconductor is n-type or p-type and accurately measure fundamental electrical properties.

When examining an n-type semiconductor, the Hall coefficient, denoted as \(R_H\), will be negative. Here's why:

For an n-type semiconductor, the charge carriers are electrons, bearing a negative charge. Hence, the value of \(R_H\) in n-type semiconductors will be negative. This mechanism is crucial in identifying the type of semiconductor.

Relating Fermi Level to the Conductivity in n type Semiconductors

Conductivity in n-type semiconductors remains fascinating due to the significant influence of the Fermi Level. This feature of n-type semiconductors governs their ability to conduct electric current.

Analysing the Diagram of n type Semiconductor

A clear understanding of an n-type semiconductor's diagram can offer valuable insights into its intrinsic behaviour and operation. Deciphering these diagrams involves analysing the silicon lattice, impurity atoms, free electrons, and the dynamics involved with these components.

Notice that in an n-type semiconductor's diagram, you'll see that:

• The pentavalent impurity atom is located among the silicon atoms, indicating its embedded place inside the crystal lattice.
• Among the five electrons of the impurity atom, four of them form covalent bonds with the silicon atoms. This symbolises the firm incorporation of the impurity into the lattice structure.
• One free electron dissociates from the impurity atom indicating the n-type semiconductor's prime conduction element.

This understanding of the n-type semiconductor's diagram supports your comprehensive comprehension of this semiconductor type. It visually represents the doped semiconductor's inner dynamics, shedding light on the creation process and functional principle of n-type semiconductors.