Computer Engineering

Understanding: What is Computer Engineering?

Different Branches within Computer Engineering

• Hardware Engineering
• Software Engineering
• Network Engineering
• Data Engineering

How Computer Engineering Affects Daily Life

Delving into the Role of Computer Engineers

Duties of Computer Engineers

Code Example for designing a microprocessor:

// Verilog Code for a simple microprocessor
module MyMicroProcessor (input clk, input reset);
   // Declare internal signals and modules here
   initial begin
      // initialization tasks
   end
   always @(posedge clk or posedge reset) begin
      if (reset) begin
         // Reset code
      end else begin
         // Main microprocessor code
      end
   end
endmodule

# Python Program to solve quadratic equation
import cmath

def solve_quad_equation(a, b, c):
   # calculate the discriminant
   d = (b**2) - (4*a*c)

   # solutions
   sol1 = (-b-cmath.sqrt(d))/(2*a)
   sol2 = (-b+cmath.sqrt(d))/(2*a)
   return sol1, sol2

print(solve_quad_equation(1, -3, 2))

Career Paths for Computer Engineering Graduates

• Software Developers: They create applications or systems that run on a computer or another device.
• Hardware Engineers: They design, build and test computer systems and components such as processors, circuit boards, memory devices, and networks.
• Network Architects: They design data communication networks, including local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and Intranets.
• Data Scientists: They study programmed designs, debugging software, and C++ programming, to analyse complicated data.

Computer Systems Engineering: An In-depth Look

The Importance of Computer Systems Engineering

Various Computer Engineering Examples

• Automotive Systems: Modern cars are replete with computer systems, from engine control units to infotainment systems. Everything needs to work seamlessly, and that's where Computer Systems Engineers come in.
• Telecommunications: This sector relies heavily on complex computer systems. Engineers in this field design and manage networks, servers, and other system components that allow seamless data transmission.
• Retail: Think of a self-checkout kiosk at a supermarket. It's a retail-oriented computer system that involves hardware (scanners, monitors, printers) and software working harmoniously. Computer Systems Engineers design, develop, and fine-tune such systems to suit the retail environment.

// Pseudo code for collision warning
SensorInput frontSensor, rearSensor; 
Boolean collisionWarning;

if (frontSensor.distance < 10 || rearSensor.distance < 10) {
    collisionWarning = true;
}

Computer Hardware Engineering: The Building Blocks

Basics of Computer Hardware Engineering

• Processors: Also known as Central Processing Units (CPUs), these are essentially the brain of a computer, handling the execution of instructions.
• Memory Devices: These components store data and programs. The two fundamental types are RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read Only Memory).
• Input/Output Devices: From your keyboard and mouse to display monitors and printers, these devices allow interaction between humans and machines.
• Storage Devices: Hard Drives, Solid State Drives, and other forms of storage are critical for saving data and software.

Essential Knowledge for Aspiring Computer Hardware Engineers

// C++ code to demonstrate AND operation
bool a = true, b = false; 
cout<< (a && b) <

 Microprocessor Design: This aspect empowers you to understand, design, and optimise processors or CPUs. Central subjects include microarchitecture, instruction set design, and optimising for power, performance and cost.


 VHDL/Verilog: These are hardware description languages. Learning them will enable you to design and simulate digital systems at a high level, from custom logic circuits to complete CPUs.

// Sample Verilog code to define a basic digital circuit – an AND gate
module AND_GATE(
	input A,
	input B,
	output Y
);
	assign Y = A & B;
endmodule


Other significant areas include Computer Architecture, Operating Systems, Circuit Theory, and Semiconductor Physics, spanning the intricate details that underlie the digital world.

In essence, the world of Computer Hardware Engineering rests upon a careful balance between theoretical knowledge and practical capabilities, augmented by continuous learning to keep abreast with the ever-evolving technological landscape. The marvels of the digital age, from your handy smartphones to the vast expanse of the Internet, owe their very existence to the relentless work of countless dedicated hardware engineers.
Computer Engineering Apprenticeships and Further Study

Taking the first steps onto the ladder of a Computer Engineering career can be achieved in several distinct ways, and one of the increasingly popular routes is pursuing an apprenticeship. Alternatively, continued education in a specialised field can also serve as an enriching path. But how can you decide which journey is right for you? Let's delve into the respective merits and steps involved in procuring a Computer Engineering Apprenticeship.

Benefits of Computer Engineering Apprenticeships

Computer Engineering Apprenticeships bridge the gap between theory and practical real-world experience. These programmes allow you to apply your academic knowledge in a professional setting while simultaneously enhancing your skill set.

Following an apprenticeship in Computer Engineering, you stand to gain a multitude of benefits:


Real-World Experience: You get to work on actual projects, thereby gaining a valuable hands-on experience that goes beyond mere theoretical knowledge.
Paid Learning: Unlike conventional degrees, apprenticeships let you earn while you learn. This model can make your education more affordable and reduce the burden of student loans.
Industry Contacts: By working closely with professionals in your field, you get an opportunity to network and make valuable connections that could help you in the future.
Improved Employability: The experience you gain from an apprenticeship improves your employability. Many employers appreciate candidates who have had real-life experience in the industry, thereby increasing your chances of landing a job.


Take, for instance, getting to work on a project developing a new operating system as part of your apprenticeship:

// Sample code for a semaphore in an OS
semaphore s;

void process() {
    s.P(); // A semaphore operation; blocks if necessary
    // Critical section of code here
    s.V(); // Another semaphore operation; awakens a blocked process, if any
}


In this hypothetical scenario, you aren't just reading about semaphores or inter-process communication; you're coding, testing and improving the systems that use these concepts!

Steps to Secure a Computer Engineering Apprenticeship

If these benefits have spiked your interest in pursuing a Computer Engineering Apprenticeship, you might wonder, "How do I secure one?" Landing an apprenticeship involves several steps, which we will discuss in detail.

To begin with, you need to meet the prerequisites for the apprenticeship, usually requiring:


Good GCSE grades (or equivalent), especially in Science, Maths, and English.
A levels or equivalent qualifications, although, in some cases, good GCSE grades will suffice.
Some apprenticeships may require you to already be employed in a related industry.


For instance, companies like Google offer opportunities for aspiring Computer Engineering apprentices. As part of Google's apprenticeship program, you would be working on complex computing problems, system design and coding.

Once you meet the prerequisites, you would typically follow these steps:


Create a Strong CV: A CV (Curriculum Vitae) that outlines your education, skills, and any relevant experience is critical. Highlight your relevant project work and be ready to explain the impact of your contributions.
Apply: Look out for open apprenticeship positions and make your application. Tailor your application and CV to each role to maximize your chances of selection.
Prepare for Interviews: Brush up your computer engineering knowledge and keep abreast with latest industry trends. Some technical know-how will definitely come in handy.
Secure and Begin Your Apprenticeship: If you've impressed the interviewers, you'll receive an apprenticeship offer. Then, your hands-on learning journey begins!


With the soaring interest in technology, companies are increasingly focusing on apprenticeships to groom the next generation of computer engineers. Whether it's system design, coding, or hardware engineering, apprenticeships can provide solid foundations upon which you can build a successful career in this exciting field.
Computer Engineering Vs Computer Science: Spotting the Differences

If you're considering a career in technology, the choice between Computer Engineering and Computer Science can be a challenging one. Though both fields revolve around computers, they diverge significantly in focus, methodology, and career paths. Let's probe deeper into these sometimes-confusing distinctions, to help you make an informed choice about your future.

Key Differences: Computer Engineering Vs Computer Science
 
The key distinction between Computer Engineering and Computer Science lies in their primary areas of focus. While Computer Engineering centres on the design and development of computer systems and hardware, Computer Science delves into the theoretical and practical aspects of software development.

Below are some salient features that distinguish these twin domains:


Foundational Knowledge:

 
Computer Engineering draws heavily from the fields of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. As a Computer Engineer, you will need a deep understanding of digital and microprocessor system design, computer architecture, real-time computing, and computer interfacing.

On the other hand, Computer Science finds its roots in mathematics and logic. It involves studying algorithms, data structures, software design, and concepts related to the design of computers. 


 Algorithm: Defined as a finite sequence of well-defined instructions used to solve a specific problem. It follows a logical approach to completing a task.


Design and Development:


For a Computer Engineer, the design and development process entails conceptualising, developing, testing, and refining the hardware components of a computer system. It involves work on microprocessors, circuits, and related hardware.

In contrast, Computer Science focuses on designing, writing, and improving software applications. From operating systems and networking solutions to game designs and business applications - the scope is quite broad.


Computer Engineering
Computer Science


Design & build hardware
Design & program software


Career Opportunities:


The difference in focus also means different career opportunities. Computer Engineers often find work designing and testing hardware components for computer systems, telecommunications, and networking equipment manufacturers. 

Conversely, Computer Scientists usually work in software design, development and analysis. They often form the backbone of IT departments across a wide range of sectors, including business, healthcare, entertainment, and even government operations.

Choosing Between Computer Engineering and Computer Science
 
When choosing between these two fields, you'll need to consider your interests, aptitude, and career goals. Do you enjoy solving complex mathematical problems, or are you fascinated by the intricacies of electronic circuits and devices?

For aspirants who are particularly interested in the design and working of electronic systems, Computer Engineering may be a natural fit. With a focus on hardware and systems, Computer Engineering will help to build your understanding of how a computer's fundamental blocks are developed and integrated to create powerful computing systems.

// Example of hardware interfacing - setting a port pin as output in a microcontroller
DDRB |= (1<

Conversely, if your passion lies in developing innovative software, problem-solving, and interacting with algorithms and data structures, a degree in Computer Science could suit you better. By studying Computer Science, you can build robust applications, solve complex problems, and even delve into areas like artificial intelligence and machine learning.

// Example of programming - Finding the largest element in an array using Python
def largest(arr,n):
   max = arr[0]
   for i in range(1, n):
      if arr[i] > max:
         max = arr[i]
   return max


Remember, there's considerable overlap between the two fields, and both offer excellent job prospects. Many tasks in the tech world require a blend of both hardware understanding and software proficiency. Ultimately, the choice between Computer Engineering and Computer Science will hinge on your personal interests and career aspirations.

Computer Engineering - Key takeaways

Computer Engineering graduates can pursue various career paths such as Software Developers, Hardware Engineers, Network Architects, and Data Scientists.
Computer Systems Engineering is a branch of engineering that combines computer science and electrical engineering to develop and improve essential computer systems.
Examples of Computer Systems Engineering can be found in sectors such as automotive systems, telecommunications, and retail.
Computer Hardware Engineering involves designing, developing, testing, and optimising the physical components of computers and other digital systems, such as processors, memory devices, input/output devices, and storage devices.
Computer Engineering Apprenticeships, which provide real-world experience and industry contacts, are becoming increasingly popular as a way to start a career in Computer Engineering.