Georgian

Georgian poetry movement

The Georgian poets were a collective of British poets who predominantly worked during the reign of King George V. The poets' work was anthologised in several volumes in the years between 1910 and 1922, each known as Georgian Poetry. Some of the Georgian poets included the writers; Robert Graves, Edmund Charles Blunden, D.H. Lawrence and Siegfried Sassoon, among its more famous poets.

The Georgian poets arrived between two important movements in poetry, the Aestheticism of the Victorian period and Modernism, which followed the outbreak of the First World War. Georgian poetry was seen as a rejection of Aestheticism and the movement's motto 'art for art's sake' and its devotion to unnatural beauty. The work of the Georgian poets was often romantic and sentimental, and it has often been described as 'innocent'.

The anthologies produced were central to the Georgian poetry movement. Poet Rupert Brooke and editor Edward Marsh had a desire to make their poetry more accessible to a wider audience. There were five anthologies published between the years 1911 and 1922. The poems within these volumes would use traditional forms and techniques. Georgian poetry would often use strict meter and rhymes.

Fig. 1 - The Georgian poets take their name from the reign of King George V.

Georgian history

The Georgian period in history runs from 1910 up until the death of King George V in 1936. It was a turbulent time in British history, the First World War began in 1914. The years following the war saw an increasing rise in fascism that preceded World War II. It was also a period of rising communism and socialism, which brought fear to the British elite. Both Ireland and India began movements to gain independence from Great Britain and its empire.

In literature, the Georgian period was known for the emergence of Modernism. Modernism was a movement where writers began to experiment with new ways to present stories or tell their poetry. Writers such as Virginia Woolf and T.S. Eliot were at the forefront of literary Modernism. Georgian poetry was, in many ways, a rejection of Modernism.

Georgian poets

Here we will take a brief look at some of the prominent poets from the Georgian poetry movement.

Robert Graves

Robert Graves was an English poet and novelist born in London on 24th July 1895. Like his fellow Georgian poets, Graves neglected the more experimental fashion of the time to write traditional forms of poetry. Graves served in the army during the First World War and was greatly affected by it, suffering from what is now known as PTSD. Robert Graves often wrote in meter and about love. He was appointed professor of poetry at Oxford University in 1961.

Edmund Charles Blunden

Born on 1st November 1896 in London, England, Edmund Charles Blunden was a poet and a scholar. Blunden spent time teaching in Japan and Hong Kong, and his time in Asia influenced his later poetry. Blunden's poetry is usually written in traditional forms and would regard rural life in England. Like many other Georgian poets, Blunden fought in the First World War as a young man. He wrote about his experiences in the memoir Undertones of War (1928).

Walter de la Mare

Walter de la Mare was an English poet and novelist born on 25th April 1873. Walter de la Mare was a prolific writer. Apart from his poetry, he had also written many novels, plays and short story collections. Walter de la Mare is most renowned for his work in children's literature. His most famous poem is 'The Listeners' (1912), a poem in which the speaker visits a house inhabited by ghosts.

Georgian poetry characteristics

We will now look at some of the more familiar features of Georgian poetry, including its use of formal techniques, Romanticism and sentimentality.

Formal techniques

Georgian poetry is perhaps most famous for its use of formal techniques to produce a more traditional form of poetry. Formal techniques in poetry refer to a poem's use of rhyme scheme and meter. Meter is the rhythm and use of syllables in each line. The most commonly used metric form in English is iambic pentameter, as used in Robert Graves' poem 'The Cool Web' (1927). A poem's rhyme scheme determines its end rhymes. Most Georgian poetry uses strict meter and rhyme schemes.

Romanticism

Romanticism was a movement that was a rejection of the newfound modernity of the 18th century. Romanticism believed in the transcendental beauty of nature, a feeling that there is more to nature than science can explain. The Georgian poets echoed the ideals of Rromanticism. Many of the themes in Georgian poetry, such as love and the beauty of nature, are similar to the Romantics before them.

Sentimentality

Sentimentality is having a sad and somewhat tender nostalgic feeling towards something. Georgian poetry, in its nature, is sentimental due to its reverence for the more traditional forms of poetic technique. Georgian poems also tend to be sentimental towards their subject matter, whether they are about love or nature. Georgian poetry is often sentimental in its themes and form.

Fig. 2 - Georgian poetry is often sentimental and nostalgic for traditional forms of poetry.

Georgian poetry examples

In this section, we will look at two examples of Georgian poetry, 'The Cool Web' and 'The Great Lover' (1915).

'The Cool Web' (1927)

Robert Graves' 1927 poem explores the importance of language, speech and communication. The speaker uses metaphor and vivid imagery to express how important speech is to the human experience. The speaker talks about how speech and language give people the ability to process the world around them. Graves' poem is formed of four stanzas with three quatrains and a final sestet at the end. The poem uses a consistent rhyme scheme for the quatrains that changes for the sestet. The poem also uses iambic pentameter to create what is a more traditional form of poetry.

'The Great Lover' (1915)

In Rupert Brooke's poem, the speaker is reflecting back on their romantic past. The speaker starts with the boastful claim of being a 'great lover' throughout their life. The speaker then goes on to talk of other things that they love, such as certain foods and scents. It is a long poem made up of three stanzas of differing lengths. The poem has a rhyme scheme of AABBCCDD, which means that the poem consists of pairs of rhyming couplets.