Robert Graves

Returning home from war

In 1916, during the Battle of the Somme, Graves was severely wounded and as a result, and reported dead to his family and friends. However, he was alive and had been sent to Queen Alexandra's Hospital in London (England) to recuperate.

Back on the front lines

In 1917, Graves defended Siegfried Sassoon who was to be tried by a court-martial for being a conscientious objector. Sassoon faced execution, but Graves intervened and explained that Sassoon was experiencing shell-shock. Graves returned to duty in 1917 but suffered from shell-shock himself as a result of his experiences in the War.

Later life

In 1918, Robert Graves married feminist and artist Nancy Nicholson, with whom he had four children. American poet Laura Riding moved in with him and Nancy Nicholson, and Graves soon developed feelings for Riding. In 1929, Laura Riding attempted to commit suicide, and Graves subsequently left Nancy Nicholson to continue living with Riding in Majorca. Graves later remarried Beryl Hodge in 1950, with whom he had another four children. The pair settled and lived the rest of their days in Majorca.

Purpose

Robert Graves was a writer and poet with a reputation for being a social and artistic rebel. He was often described as a controversial free thinker who wrote a variety of texts ranging from scholarly to mythological and historical fiction to a candid recollection of his own personal life experiences. Many of the poems he wrote both during and after his time in World War I sought to challenge unthinkingly patriotic and ignorant narratives about the War and to highlight the true, gruesome realities that soldiers had to face.

Robert Graves's cause of death

Renowned English poet and novelist Robert Graves passed away on 7th December 1985 at the age of 90. His cause of death was reported as heart failure. Graves' literary legacy, marked by his exceptional contributions to poetry and historical fiction, continues to live on, influencing generations of readers and writers alike. He is buried in the churchyard of Deia Church, in Majorca, Spain.

Fig. 1 - Robert Graves's fictional and poetic works such as I, Claudius have never been out of print.

Robert Graves's poems

Robert Graves wrote poetry as well as novels. His first poetry collection was Over the Brazier which was published in 1916. Other collections included Love Respelt (1966), The Poems of Robert Graves (1958), and Fairies and Fusiliers (1918).

'The Narrow Sea'

'The Narrow Sea' is a fragmented poem that is set in a maritime backdrop, where 'the narrow sea' symbolises physical and metaphorical separations. Graves, known for his vivid portrayals and emotive language, weaves a narrative that touches upon themes of longing, distance, and the human relationship with nature.

'A Dead Boche'

In 'A Dead Boche', Robert Graves depicts the stark realities of war, describing a dead 'boche', in other words, a dead German. He creates a shocking and repugnant image in the reader's mind of this dead German soldier, who in his death has been left slumped against a tree. A clear anti-war poem, Graves describes the horrors of war in this poem and reminds the reader to appreciate his war poetry not as tales of heroism and fame, but as tales of horror and revulsion. Not only this but 'A Dead Boche' serves as an admonition that war produces nothing but degeneration and decay.

'Two Fusiliers'

In 'Two Fusiliers', Robert Graves expresses how it felt to have survived and to have reached the end of World War I. He also shows his appreciation for the friendships he forged during this time and reveals that their experiences as soldiers bound them closely together. In 'Two Fusiliers', he highlights the fact that it was these terrible circumstances of war, and the death that the soldiers were surrounded by that granted them this beautiful and long-lasting friendship.

Robert Graves's books

Robert Graves was a prolific writer who authored a vast array of novels, non-fiction works, and collections of poetry. Some of his most notable books include:

• I, Claudius
• Claudius the God
• Goodbye to All That
• The White Goddess: A Historical Grammar of Poetic Myth
• Count Belisarius
• The Greek Myths
• King Jesus
• Hercules, My Shipmate

Each of these works reflects Graves' unique narrative style, his deep understanding of historical and mythological subjects, and his ability to weave compelling stories

Goodbye to All That

Published in 1929, Robert Graves's memoir Goodbye to All That details his life, including his childhood, his perspective on British society, his time in World War I, and finally his relationships and marriage. Goodbye to All That is his farewell to England and to his past, in which he recalls many unhappy memories. For example, being bullied at school, the horrors he experienced in World War I, and his marriage to Nancy Nicholson, which was less than happy. However, it also contains pleasant memories, including the close friendships he forged whilst serving in the War.

I Claudius

Robert Graves published his historical fiction novel I Claudius in 1934, which explores 1st century Rome. The narrative is written as Claudius' biography, in which Graves explores the decadence and debauchery of the Roman empire. This tale gives readers a unique insight into the madness, violence, and gore of Roman society.

The Greek Myths

Published in 1955, Robert Graves's The Greek Myths provides a comprehensive overview of Greek mythology, including heroes, gods, and an array of other characters. Graves retells and also provides commentary on the classic Greek myths, while also providing detail on the different variations of the myths and their characters, which makes his novel an extraordinary tale for readers, and also a good reference point for scholars who are researching or writing on the topic.