Rhetorical Analysis Essay

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Elements

Rhetoric is the art of persuasion. According to Aristotle, three types of appeals can sway a person into believing something. They are classically known as logos, pathos, and ethos. These appeals can persuade because of human nature.

Logos

The first appeal is logos, an appeal to reason. People can think through arguments, string together facts, analyze data and conclude whether or not it is true.

If a writer uses logos in their text, they might cite a statistic or scientific study. Or they might create a syllogism. Another example is that they may ask questions about a subject and analyze that subject. There are countless ways to use reason in an argument. Generally logos is the core of an argument.

The reason that logos is an effective appeal is that it is hard to argue with facts. Moreover, it puts the author in good faith because it shows that the author is pursuing the truth, not personal gain.

However, the use of too much logos, or solely using logos, gives the impression that a writer is cold and distant. It can also come across as boring and plain. Using too much of any one of the appeals is disastrous and fails to persuade audiences.

Logos is necessary for a good argument, but it is best suited in academic settings. Schools are centered on the pursuit of truth and critical thinking. When a paper written for research is examined, the most important aspect of that paper is the appeal to logos.

Fig. 1 - Logic is almost mathematical

Pathos

pathos is an appeal to an audience's emotions. pathos makes use of concrete language, vivid images, and stories. pathos is what makes an argument feel like it is true. It helps the audience to feel sympathy, empathy, anger, happiness, or sadness. It usually makes the speaker and their argument more human.

It is also useful in the employment of analogies because analogies take ideas and make them feel like real objects; this usually makes an appeal to logos easier to understand.

Pathos establishes a human connection. But when pathos alone is used, it can make the audience feel or think that their emotions are being manipulated.

Ethos

Ethos is an appeal to authority. To put it in simpler terms, a speaker who uses ethos "walks the walk and talks the talks." When a speaker uses ethos, it shows that they have some experience in whatever subject is being discussed.

For example, a physicist giving a lecture on physics to a group of scientists would talk about their experience, past studies, or credentials before they continued with their lecture. Ethos gives a speaker credibility; it establishes and proves their trustworthiness as an expert.

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Outline

The structure of a Rhetorical Analysis Essay follows something similar to that of any other essay. It begins with a thesis, or the argument that you are making, in the first paragraph or two. Next is the body, in which you analyze how an author utilizes the rhetorical appeals previously discussed and if the author is successful in using the appeals. Finally, the final paragraph should be a conclusion that wraps up your argument. This structure is then used to create an outline for the essay.

Rhetorical analysis essay examples are included!

Outline of a Rhetorical Analysis Essay

Thesis

A thesis statement is the introduction of an argument for a paper. It should be written in the first paragraph of the essay. It briefly summarizes the argument and evidence that is going to be explored in the rest of the paper. It can be thought of as stating what your argument is.

This thesis statement succeeds because it says what rhetorical devices are going to be analyzed and in what text. It also has an argument that states the purpose of Edwards' argument.

Body

If the thesis statement tells you what the argument is, then the body shows why your argument is right and provides evidence to support it. A good approach is to analyze the three classical appeals and how they are used in the text.

It is also important to analyze who the speaker is and who the audience is. You can analyze all three appeals (e.g. observe one appeal in a paragraph or two), or you can analyze just one of the appeals (e.g. analyzing only pathos like the example below). You could also analyze the relationship between two or all three of the appeals.

This analysis works because it explains how pathos is being used and then uses textual evidence to support its claim.

Fig. 2 - Pathos may appeal to fear

Conclusion

The last part you'll write is the conclusion. This is important and deserves its own section!

Rhetorical Analysis Conclusion

The conclusion is the final statement of a paper. It summarizes the main argument and the evidence that has been presented throughout the essay. It also highlights the most important aspects of the essay and whether the author of the original text was successful or not in their use of the appeals.

This conclusion works because it recaps the argument, but it also concludes the argument with the most important reason why Edwards's pathos was effective. Plus, it makes a statement on whether or not Edwards's argument was successful.

¹ Jonathan Edwards. Sinners in the Hands of Angry God. 1741.