Italian Superstitions

The Origin of Italian Superstitions

The roots of Italian superstitions are deeply intertwined with Italy's rich history, combining elements from ancient Roman mythology, Christian beliefs, and local folklore. Many of these superstitions were initially meant to explain the inexplicable or to provide guidance in uncertain times. Over centuries, these beliefs evolved, blending with new cultural influences but always retaining a connection to their original intent - a reflection of Italy's multifaceted heritage.For example, the custom of touching iron (toccare ferro in Italian) to ward off bad luck can be traced back to ancient Roman times when iron was believed to ward off evil spirits. Similarly, the practice of throwing salt over one's shoulder to prevent bad luck has roots in Christianity, reflecting the belief in the purifying power of salt.

Italian Superstition Evil Eye (Malocchio) Explained

Among the myriad of Italian superstitions, the concept of the Evil Eye, or Malocchio, holds a significant place. It is believed that envy or a malevolent glare from another can cause misfortune or harm to the unsuspecting victim. The fear of Malocchio has given rise to various rituals and talismans designed to protect against this negative energy.

Meaning Behind Italian Superstitions

The significance of Italian superstitions lies not just in the rituals themselves but in what they represent about the Italian worldview. These superstitions reflect a deep-seated belief in the power of fate and the importance of taking steps, however symbolic, to influence one's destiny.Here's a brief look at some common Italian superstitions and their meanings:

• Spilling olive oil or wine: Considered a sign of bad luck, possibly foretelling an argument or loss.
• Avoiding the number 17: In Italy, the number 17 is associated with misfortune, due to its representation in Roman numerals (XVII) which can be rearranged to spell 'VIXI', Latin for 'I have lived', implying death.
• Never place a hat on a bed: Believed to bring bad luck, this superstition may have origins in the past when hat-wearing travellers could spread lice or disease.

Types of Italian Superstitions

Italian superstitions are an eclectic mix of cultural beliefs, ancient practices, and religious customs that have woven their way into the fabric of Italian society. From averting the evil eye (Malocchio) to the rituals that bring good luck, these superstitions form a unique part of Italy's cultural heritage.

Common Italian Superstitions Malocchio

The Malocchio is one of the most famous Italian superstitions, rooted deeply in cultural anxieties about envy and bad will. To counteract the effects of the Malocchio, Italians might wear amulets, like the cornicello, a horn-shaped charm, or perform rituals that involve prayers or gestures designed to ward off the bad luck.

Southern Italian Superstitions

Southern Italy, with its rich tapestry of history and cultures, harbours a unique set of superstitions that reflect the region's deep historical roots and cultural influences. Many of these beliefs are centered around protection from harm, healing, and fertility.

• Friday the 17th: Unlike the Anglo-Saxon world where Friday the 13th is considered unlucky, in Italy, it's Friday the 17th that is associated with bad luck.
• Tossing Coins: Throwing coins into fountains, common in many parts of Italy, is believed to ensure a return to the place, but in the South, it can also signify wishes for good health and fortune.
• Bread upside down: In Southern Italy, placing bread upside down on a table is seen as bad luck, stemming from old beliefs about the sanctity of bread as a life-giving food.

Italian Superstition Symbols

Italian superstition symbols intertwine with daily life, acting as reminders of the mystical forces at play and methods to counteract potential negative energies. These symbols, whether worn as jewellery, placed in homes, or even tattooed on the body, serve as a protective and good luck charm.

• Red Horn (Corno): A symbol to ward off the evil eye, often worn as jewellery or hung in homes.
• Black Cat: While considered bad luck in some cultures, in some parts of Italy, black cats are seen as good luck, especially if one crosses your path deliberately.
• Horseshoe: Hung above the door, a horseshoe is believed to bring good luck to the home, with its open end facing up to keep the good luck from spilling out.

The Impact of Italian Superstitions on Culture

Italian superstitions have a profound impact on the culture and daily life of Italy. These beliefs, deeply ingrained in the Italian psyche, influence various aspects of societal norms, traditions, and even personal interactions. From specific rituals to avoid bad luck to wearing talismans for protection, superstitions in Italy are more than just old wives' tales; they are a fundamental part of the Italian cultural identity.

Italian Superstitions in Daily Life

Superstitions permeate daily life in Italy, affecting everything from how individuals decorate their homes to the way they dine. For instance, it is considered bad luck to place a loaf of bread upside down on the table. This belief not only highlights the respect for bread as a fundamental food but also showcases the influence of superstition on everyday practices. Similarly, many Italians wear amulets, such as the horn (corno) or the lucky eye (occhio di Santa Lucia), as jewelry to protect themselves from the Evil Eye. These practices are not merely for individual benefit; they're communal expressions of cultural beliefs, reinforcing social bonds and shared identities.

How Italian Superstitions Influence Social Behaviour

Italian superstitions also significantly influence social behaviour and interactions. The belief in the Evil Eye, for example, can dictate how people compliment each other. To avoid bestowing the Evil Eye, compliments may be followed by a ritual gesture, such as touching iron (toccare ferro) or making the sign of the horns (fare le corna), to ward off any unintended bad luck. This awareness of not causing offence or harm through envy showcases a deeply ingrained ethic of care within Italian society. Furthermore, social events and even business meetings might start or conclude with specific rituals or gestures to ensure good luck and success, underscoring how superstitions are seamlessly woven into the professional as well as personal realms.

The History of Italian Superstitions

Italian superstitions, deeply entrenched within the nation's history, reflect a blend of cultures, religions, and beliefs over millennia. From ancient Roman practices to Christian influences and regional folklore, these superstitions have been inherited and adapted, shaping the cultural fabric of Italy. They offer a unique lens into the complexities of Italian society, where ancient traditions and modernity coexist.

Tracing Back: History of Italian Superstitions

The history of Italian superstitions is as old as Italy itself, drawing from a rich tapestry of myths, religious practices, and cultural interactions. Romans, with their belief in augury and omens, laid the foundation, which was further enriched by the Christianization of the empire. For example, the Roman practice of auspices, interpreting the will of the gods through the flight of birds, paralleled the later Christian reliance on signs and miracles.

• The use of amulets like the bulla, worn by Roman children for protection, finds a contemporary echo in the cornicello, worn to ward off the evil eye.
• The reverence for certain numbers or rituals in daily life, deeply embedded in Roman religious practices, persisted through the ages, evolving into superstitions like the fear of the number 17 in Italy today.

Evolution of Southern Italian Superstitions

Southern Italy, with its distinct historical trajectory, including Greek colonization, Roman dominance, and later Norman and Spanish rule, has developed a unique set of superstitions. These beliefs often revolve around protection from the Malocchio (evil eye), the importance of fertility and harvest symbols, and rituals for good health.

• In Sicily and Naples, the use of the fig hand gesture to ward off bad luck dates back to ancient times, symbolising fertility and the divine.
• The tradition of the 'lucky coin', given to ensure good fortune and prosperity, reflects the region's mix of Greek, Arabic, and Norman influences on local customs.
• St. Lucia's Day in December, particularly celebrated in Sicily, merges pre-Christian winter solstice festivals with the Christian feast day, centring around rituals for good eyesight and protection.