Marketing Campaign

Marketing Campaign Types

Marketing campaign types can vary based on objectives, media forms, channels, and the type of customer the campaign is trying to target.

To learn about their differences, let's first look at how different types of customers influence a marketing campaign.

There are two primary classifications of customers: consumers and businesses. This gives different business-to-consumer (B2C) and business-to-business (B2B) marketing campaigns.

Before seeing how they are different, let's consider their similarity. Before developing a marketing campaign, companies must apply the STP model (segmentation, targeting, and positioning) to define whom to market the product to and how. This step applies to both B2B and B2C. Another similarity between these market types is the communications mix, which comprises advertising, personal selling, sales promotions, public relations, direct marketing, and branding.

The main difference in B2B and B2C marketing campaigns comes from how marketers use the promotion mix elements to engage their customers. In B2B marketing, a significant part of communications efforts comes from personal selling and direct contact between the buyer and seller. On the other hand, B2C markets make use of mass media to access the target group. In B2B markets, the message and communication are tailored to the individual buyer, which is often not the case in B2C environments.

B2B and B2C campaigns also differ depending on the customer's attitude towards information seeking. With mass media tactics employed by B2C firms, customers might not have to seek out information about the product - There are way too many advertisements on the street and the Internet. Customers can mostly ignore marketing messages that are irrelevant to them. On the other hand, organizational buyers actively seek information about the products. This is partly due to the business buying environment, where information tends to be stored for future purposes. In consumer markets, information is only intended in the short term.¹

Table 1 below summarizes the differences between B2C and B2B advertising campaigns.

Table 1. B2B and B2C Marketing Campaigns.

Marketing Campaign Steps

Now that we have examined the differences between B2B and B2C campaigns, let's look at the steps of developing a marketing campaign. There are six key steps to developing a communications campaign:

1. Environmental analysis and identification of the target audience – It is important to conduct a context analysis which brings marketers a deeper understanding of the environment in which the campaign will occur. A context analysis includes the customer, competitive, internal, and external environment. This step also helps the business identify its target segment.

2. Establish campaign objectives – After identifying the target segment, it is essential to outline the campaign's objectives, whether that be increasing awareness, brand preference, or sales. It is also vital that campaign objectives align with overall marketing and corporate objectives.

3. Create a message – The next step is to develop a message based on the campaign's objectives and the target audience's characteristics and behavior.

4. Determine media type – This step involves deciding which media type to use (e.g., advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, PR, etc.)

5. Determine the communications channel and source – Here, the marketer has to determine which channel to use for running the campaign. It may include personal channels like face-to-face, email, etc., or non-personal channels like mass media (e.g., broadcast, print, etc.).

6. Launching campaign, results, and feedback – The final step is to launch the campaign, evaluate its performance, and collect feedback to be used as insights for future campaigns.

Marketing Campaign Strategy

Let's now take a closer look at some marketing campaign strategies. The first step of developing a marketing campaign strategy starts with segmentation, targeting, and positioning. This process can be summarized as follows:

1. Segment consumers into smaller subgroups,
2. Select the target audience,
3. Position the product based on differentiation, informativeness, etc.

When creating a marketing campaign, marketers must also consider the audience strategy they will use. They can either be:

• Push strategies are when the marketer “pushes” the campaign onto the target audience. Here, consumers are not actively seeking information about the product or brand. A push campaign might include a mass marketing TV advertisement.

• Pull strategies are used when consumers are already searching for information about a product or brand. An example of a pull strategy might include using search ads targeted at consumers who have already searched for a product previously.

Finally, let's take a brief look at international marketing campaign strategies and how they differ from traditional ones. When it comes to an international campaign, marketers need to decide between adaptation or standardization.

To select which strategy to use for marketing campaigns, marketers must closely evaluate the local competitive environment, market conditions, and local customers' behavior, attitudes, and perceptions. It is also crucial to consider local advertising regulations and cultural differences to avoid fatal marketing blunders.

Marketing Campaign Examples

Before you head off, let's take a closer look at a marketing campaign example:

You are probably already familiar with fast food chain giant McDonald's, but did you know that McDonald's has recently taken a new approach to its marketing? In 2021, McDonald's introduced its "Change a little, Change a lot" campaign that promotes and brings awareness to the company's sustainability efforts. Through this campaign, McDonald's announced its "Plan for Change," which includes aiming to reach net zero emissions by 2024.²

As part of the campaign, McDonald's took to TV advertising and social media to promote its new cause. The company aims to make small changes across three sectors: farming, waste, and youth. One of the campaign's ad creatives explains how McDonald's plans to reduce waste through recycling used cooking oil to make biodiesel to fuel its trucks, reusing old paper cups to make greeting cards, and transforming old Happy Meal toys into playgrounds for children.³