What bones are included in the appendicular skeleton?
The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the upper and lower limbs, as well as the girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton. Specifically, it comprises the pectoral girdles (clavicles and scapulae), arm bones (humerus, radius, ulna), hand bones (carpals, metacarpals, phalanges), pelvic girdle (hip bones), leg bones (femur, tibia, fibula), and foot bones (tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges).
What is the function of the appendicular skeleton?
The appendicular skeleton facilitates movement and supports the weight of the body in locomotion. It includes bones of the limbs and girdles, providing attachment points for muscles, thereby enabling motion and manipulation. Additionally, it plays a role in maintaining balance and protecting organs.
How does the appendicular skeleton differ from the axial skeleton?
The appendicular skeleton consists of limbs and girdles (pectoral and pelvic), while the axial skeleton comprises the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. The appendicular skeleton facilitates movement and interaction with the environment, whereas the axial skeleton supports and protects vital organs and maintains posture.
What are common conditions or injuries affecting the appendicular skeleton?
Common conditions or injuries affecting the appendicular skeleton include fractures, dislocations, arthritis (such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis), tendonitis, sprains, and strains. These issues often result from trauma, overuse, or degenerative changes in bones, joints, and soft tissues.
How does the appendicular skeleton contribute to movement?
The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the limbs and girdles, providing attachment points for muscles. These bones work with the muscular system to create levers that facilitate movement. The joints between bones allow for a wide range of motion, enabling activities like walking, grasping, and lifting.