What is the role of cytology in cancer diagnosis?
Cytology plays a critical role in cancer diagnosis by examining cells from tissues or fluids to detect cancerous changes. It is minimally invasive, cost-effective, and aids in identifying malignant cells, guiding further diagnostic and treatment decisions. Techniques like Pap smears and fine needle aspirations are common cytological methods.
How is cytology different from histology?
Cytology studies individual cells and their structures, often through smears or fluids, to diagnose diseases like cancer. Histology examines tissues and their architecture via sectioned and stained samples, providing insights into tissue structure and disease impact. Both are essential for diagnostic pathology but focus on different biological levels.
What types of samples are commonly used for cytology tests?
Commonly used samples for cytology tests include exfoliative samples like urine, sputum, and pleural fluid, fine-needle aspiration specimens from masses or cysts, and brushings or scrapings from the cervix (Pap smear) or other mucosal surfaces.
What are the limitations of cytology tests?
Cytology tests can have limitations such as lower sensitivity compared to histology, potential for false negatives or false positives, and difficulty in diagnosing certain cancer types. It may not provide information on tissue architecture or tumor invasiveness, requiring further investigation for definitive diagnosis.
What are the common preparations needed for a cytology test?
Common preparations for a cytology test include disclosing relevant medical history, such as previous cancer diagnoses or infections, avoiding certain medications that might affect the results, and in some cases, fasting or avoiding specific foods before the test. Additionally, any specific instructions related to the type of cytology test should be followed.