What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include rapid heartbeat, unexplained weight loss, increased appetite, nervousness, anxiety, tremors in the hands, sweating, sensitivity to heat, and difficulty sleeping. Other signs can include enlarged thyroid gland (goiter), menstrual irregularities, fatigue, muscle weakness, and changes in bowel patterns.
What causes hyperthyroidism?
Hyperthyroidism is typically caused by Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder that stimulates excessive thyroid hormone production. Other causes include toxic adenomas, thyroiditis, excessive iodine intake, and overmedication of thyroid hormone.
How is hyperthyroidism diagnosed?
Hyperthyroidism is diagnosed through a combination of clinical evaluation, blood tests measuring thyroid hormone levels (such as T3 and T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and sometimes imaging tests like a radioactive iodine uptake scan or ultrasound of the thyroid gland.
What are the treatment options for hyperthyroidism?
Treatment options for hyperthyroidism include antithyroid medications (like Methimazole or Propylthiouracil), radioactive iodine therapy to shrink the thyroid gland, and surgical removal of the thyroid (thyroidectomy). Beta-blockers may also be prescribed to manage symptoms such as rapid heartbeat and tremors.
Can hyperthyroidism affect pregnancy?
Yes, hyperthyroidism can affect pregnancy. It can lead to complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, preeclampsia, and heart failure. Proper management and treatment are crucial to minimize risks for both the mother and the baby.