What are the common symptoms of thyroid disorders?
Common symptoms of thyroid disorders include fatigue, weight changes, temperature sensitivity, hair loss, mood swings, irregular menstrual cycles, and changes in heart rate. Hypothyroidism can cause weight gain and cold intolerance, while hyperthyroidism often leads to weight loss and heat intolerance.
How is thyroid function tested?
Thyroid function is tested through blood tests measuring levels of thyroid hormones—thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)—and the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) produced by the pituitary gland. These tests help determine if the thyroid is underactive (hypothyroidism) or overactive (hyperthyroidism).
What is the difference between hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism?
Hyperthyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland produces excessive thyroid hormones, leading to symptoms like weight loss, rapid heart rate, and anxiety. Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces insufficient thyroid hormones, causing fatigue, weight gain, and depression.
What are the potential treatments for thyroid disorders?
Potential treatments for thyroid disorders include medication (such as levothyroxine for hypothyroidism or antithyroid drugs for hyperthyroidism), radioactive iodine therapy, surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland, and lifestyle/dietary changes. The choice of treatment depends on the specific disorder and its severity.
Can diet affect thyroid function?
Yes, diet can affect thyroid function. Nutrients such as iodine, selenium, and zinc are essential for thyroid hormone production. Certain foods, like cruciferous vegetables or soy, can interfere with thyroid hormone synthesis if consumed in large quantities. Maintaining a balanced diet can support healthy thyroid function.