What are the early symptoms of colorectal cancer?
Early symptoms of colorectal cancer may include changes in bowel habits (such as diarrhea or constipation), blood in stool, abdominal discomfort or cramps, unintentional weight loss, and fatigue. In some cases, there may be no symptoms until the cancer is more advanced.
What are the risk factors for developing colorectal cancer?
Risk factors for colorectal cancer include age (over 50), a family history of the disease, personal history of polyps or inflammatory bowel disease, certain genetic syndromes, a diet high in red or processed meats, smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, obesity, physical inactivity, and type 2 diabetes.
How is colorectal cancer diagnosed?
Colorectal cancer is diagnosed through a combination of methods, including a colonoscopy to visually examine the colon and rectum, biopsy of any suspicious lesions, imaging tests like CT or MRI scans for staging, and blood tests for tumor markers such as CEA.
What treatment options are available for colorectal cancer?
Treatment options for colorectal cancer include surgery to remove tumors, chemotherapy to kill cancer cells, radiation therapy to target cancerous areas, targeted therapy which focuses on specific cancer cell mechanisms, and immunotherapy that boosts the body's immune system to fight cancer. Treatment choices depend on the stage and specifics of the cancer.
What lifestyle changes can help prevent colorectal cancer?
To help prevent colorectal cancer, maintain a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains while limiting red and processed meats. Engage in regular physical activity, aim for a healthy weight, avoid tobacco, and limit alcohol consumption. Regular screening is also crucial for early detection and prevention.