What is the role of immune response in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases?
The immune response plays a dual role in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases; it helps to eliminate pathogens and control infection, but excessive or dysregulated immune responses can cause tissue damage and contribute to disease severity. Understanding this balance is crucial for designing treatments and therapies.
How does genetic predisposition influence the pathogenesis of chronic diseases?
Genetic predisposition influences the pathogenesis of chronic diseases by increasing susceptibility through inherited genetic variations. These genetic factors can alter biological pathways, impacting immune response, metabolism, and cell function, leading to the development and progression of diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers.
What are the stages involved in the pathogenesis of a disease?
The stages involved in the pathogenesis of a disease typically include exposure or entry of the pathogen, incubation period, prodromal stage (early nonspecific symptoms), acute stage (specific symptoms), convalescence (recovery), and resolution or possible chronic infection/persistence if unresolved.
How does environmental exposure contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases?
Environmental exposure contributes to the pathogenesis of diseases by introducing harmful substances, such as pollutants, chemicals, and pathogens, which can trigger genetic mutations, immune responses, and cellular damage. This can lead to the development or exacerbation of conditions like cancers, respiratory diseases, and allergies.
How do pathogens evade the immune system during the pathogenesis of a disease?
Pathogens can evade the immune system by using mechanisms such as antigenic variation, secretion of immune-suppressing molecules, inhibiting phagocytosis, residing in cells to avoid detection, and forming biofilms. These strategies help them persist and replicate within the host, leading to disease progression.