What are the signs and symptoms of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw?
Signs and symptoms of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw include exposed bone in the mouth, pain, swelling or infection of the gums, loosening of teeth, poor healing of the gums, and numbness or a feeling of heaviness in the jaw.
How can bisphosphonate osteonecrosis of the jaw be prevented?
To prevent bisphosphonate osteonecrosis of the jaw, practice good oral hygiene, regular dental check-ups, and complete any invasive dental work before starting bisphosphonates. If already on bisphosphonates, inform your dentist, minimize invasive dental procedures, and ensure proper oral care to reduce risk.
What are the risk factors for developing bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw?
Risk factors for developing bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw include prolonged use of bisphosphonates, intravenous administration, cancer treatment, dental procedures such as tooth extractions, poor oral hygiene, smoking, and coexisting conditions like diabetes or rheumatoid arthritis.
How is bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw treated?
Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw is treated through conservative management, including antimicrobial mouth rinses, oral antibiotics, and pain control. In more severe cases, surgical debridement or resection may be necessary. Discontinuing bisphosphonates may be considered, but only under a physician's guidance. Regular dental evaluations are also important for ongoing management.
Can bisphosphonate osteonecrosis occur in bones other than the jaw?
Bisphosphonate osteonecrosis primarily affects the jaw, known as osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). Occurrence in other bones is rare, as ONJ is the most commonly reported site due to its high vascular turnover and exposure during dental procedures. Other cases are not well-documented.