What factors can influence cortical thickness?
Cortical thickness can be influenced by factors such as age, genetics, neurodevelopmental disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, mental health conditions, environmental influences, and lifestyle factors like physical activity, nutrition, and education.
How is cortical thickness measured in medical imaging studies?
Cortical thickness is measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by assessing the distance between the white matter boundary and the pial surface. Advanced computational algorithms, such as those implemented in software like FreeSurfer, are then used to analyze MRI scans and provide cortical thickness measurements.
What are the implications of reduced cortical thickness in neurological disorders?
Reduced cortical thickness in neurological disorders is often associated with cognitive decline and functional impairment. It can indicate neuronal loss or degeneration, and is observed in conditions like Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and multiple sclerosis. These changes can inform diagnosis, track disease progression, and evaluate treatment efficacy.
What is the normal range of cortical thickness in adults?
The normal range of cortical thickness in adults typically ranges from 2 to 4.5 millimeters, with an average around 2.5 to 3 millimeters, varying slightly depending on specific brain regions and individual factors.
How does aging affect cortical thickness?
Aging generally leads to a reduction in cortical thickness due to neuronal loss and decreased synaptic density. This thinning is associated with cognitive decline and various age-related neurodegenerative conditions. It typically varies across different regions of the brain, with frontal and temporal lobes often experiencing more significant thinning.