Panic Disorders

What is Panic Disorder: An Overview

A panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder. You may experience sudden and repeated attacks of fear that last for several minutes or longer. These are called panic attacks. Panic attacks are characterised by a fear of disaster or of losing control even when there is no real danger.

Types of Panic Disorder

There are several types of panic disorders, including:

• Agoraphobia
• Specific phobias
• Social anxiety disorder
• Generalised anxiety disorder

Common Causes of Panic Disorder

The exact cause of panic disorder is not clear, but it's most likely due to a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Some of the common causes include:

• Family history of panic disorders or panic attacks
• Major life stress, such as the death or serious illness of a loved one
• A traumatic event, such as sexual assault or a serious accident
• Major changes in your life, such as a divorce or the addition of a baby

Recognising Panic Disorder Symptoms

Recognising the symptoms of panic disorder is the first critical step towards getting help. These symptoms can often mimic other health problems, causing patients to overlook their underlying anxiety issue. With better knowledge of what to look for, it becomes easier to identify and address panic disorders.

Identifying Symptoms of Panic Disorder

Panic Disorder manifests in both psychological and physical symptoms. However, keep in mind that despite the intensity of a panic attack, it is not a sign of a physical illness.

• Palpitations, pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate
• Sweating
• Trembling or shaking
• Sensations of shortness of breath or smothering
• Feelings of choking
• Chest pain or discomfort
• Nausea or abdominal distress
• Feeling dizzy, unsteady, light-headed, or faint
• Feeling detached from oneself or reality
• Fear of losing control or going crazy
• Fear of dying
• Numbness or a tingling sensation
• Chills or hot flashes

It is important to note that having one or two of these symptoms can be common for many people in certain situations. It is the combination of these symptoms, along with their sudden occurrence and intensity, that suggest a panic disorder.

Distinguishing Panic Disorder vs Anxiety

Both panic disorder and generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) can produce anxiety and fear that can disrupt your daily life but understanding the differences between the two can be crucial in your road to recovery.

To differentiate between panic disorder and generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), consider both the nature and duration of the symptoms. However, only a mental health professional can provide a definitive diagnosis.

Approaches to Panic Disorder Treatment

Treating panic disorders involves a combination of medications, psychotherapy, lifestyle adjustments, and self-care. By understanding the various approaches to panic disorder treatment, you can empower yourself to take the first steps towards managing and overcoming this debilitating condition.

Effective Treatments for Panic Disorder

The primary goal of panic disorder treatment is to reduce or eliminate the frequency and intensity of panic attacks, thereby improving your quality of life. Here, we'll delve into two common treatment methods: psychotherapy and medications.

• Exposure Therapy: This is a form of CBT that exposes you to the physical sensations of panic in a safe and controlled environment. Through repeated exposure, you become less anxious about these sensations over time.
• Cognitive Restructuring: Another form of CBT, it helps you to understand and reframe the faulty thinking patterns that trigger a panic attack.

Managing Panic Disorder Symptoms with Therapy

Therapy forms the cornerstone of treatment for many people with panic disorder. By working with a therapist, you can learn to change unhealthy thoughts and behaviours, develop coping mechanisms, and reduce symptoms. The two primary forms of therapy used in managing panic disorder symptoms are cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and exposure therapy.

• In CBT, you learn to recognise and change thought patterns that lead to panic symptoms.
• It also helps you to challenge and neutralise the unhelpful thoughts that lead to panic attacks.
• CBT is typically conducted over a series of sessions with a therapist who has specialised training in this type of therapy.

• In exposure therapy, you're exposed to the physical sensations of panic in a safe and controlled environment.
• Over time, you become less anxious about these sensations, which can help prevent panic attacks.
• Sensations may include hyperventilating, shaking, or experiencing a rapid heart rate.

It's important to remember that these therapies may not completely eliminate panic attacks, but they can provide you with the tools to manage and reduce symptoms effectively. With the right treatment plan, you can lead a fulfilling life despite panic disorder.

Living with Panic Disorders

While living with Panic Disorders can be challenging, it's crucial to remember that these conditions are treatable, and you can lead a fulfilling life despite them. Developing a better understanding of the disorders, embracing effective coping strategies, and maintaining a supportive network can all contribute to managing Panic Disorders effectively.

Coping Strategies for Panic Disorders

Learning how to cope with Panic Disorders can be a valuable tool in your journey to manage and reduce the impact of this condition on your daily life. The following coping strategies may prove beneficial:

• Exercise Regularly: Physical activity can help to reduce anxiety by boosting your mood and acting as a natural stress reliever.
• Practice Mindfulness: Mindfulness and meditation can help by diverting your mind from the cycle of negative thoughts that trigger panic attacks.
• Stay Connected: Reach out to supportive family members, friends, or find a support group. Talking to others about your experiences can reduce feelings of isolation.
• Limit Caffeine and Alcohol: These substances can trigger panic attacks in individuals with Panic Disorders.

Remember, you don't have to face Panic Disorders alone. Therapy and self-care strategies can go a long way in managing your panic attacks, reducing your anxiety, and improving your quality of life.

Effects of Panic Disorder on Mental and Physical Health

Panic Disorder, like other anxiety disorders, can have far-reaching effects on both mental and physical health. This is why recognising the disorder and seeking treatment is so important.

• Depression: This is a common occurrence in those with Panic Disorder, often as a result of the isolation the panic attacks tend to cause.
• Other anxiety disorders: A person with Panic Disorder is more likely to have at least one other anxiety disorder, such as Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) or Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
• Suicidality: Individuals with untreated Panic Disorder may also experience suicidal thoughts or behaviours.

Physically, Panic Disorder can contribute to several health issues, mainly because of its physical symptoms that put stress on the body.

• Heart disease: Panic Disorder may be linked to an increased risk of heart disease, especially in those who have frequent panic attacks.
• Headaches and Migraines: People with Panic Disorder are significantly more likely to experience various forms of headaches, including migraines.
• Insomnia: Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep is common in people with Panic Disorder. This lack of sleep can, in turn, exacerbate anxiety, creating a vicious circle.
• Substance Abuse: Some people with Panic Disorder may turn to alcohol or drugs to help cope with their feelings. This can lead to substance use problems over time.

Acknowledging the effects of Panic Disorder, both mental and physical, is a fundamental part of managing the condition. Recognising and understanding these risks can motivate one to seek help, adhere to treatment, and commit to the process of recovery.