Explanations 
Flashcards 
StudySmarter AI 
Notes 
Study Plans 
Study Sets 
Exams 
Magazine 
Find a job 
Mobile App 
Jump to a key chapter
Novecentismo in Spain
The cultural and literary movement known as Novecentismo played a significant role in early 20th-century Spain. This period marked a transition from traditional forms of expression to more modernist ideals.
Novecentismo Definition
Novecentismo refers to a Spanish cultural and intellectual movement that emerged around 1914. It was characterised by a quest for rationalism, objectivity, and formal perfection, placing a higher value on intellectualism than on the emotional and subjective approaches of earlier movements such as Romanticism and Modernism.
Novecentismo: A Spanish cultural and intellectual movement that emerged around 1914, focused on rationalism, objectivity, and formal perfection.
A notable figure of the Novecentismo movement is José Ortega y Gasset, whose philosophical works exemplify the intellectual aspirations and focus on rationalism that defined the movement.
The term 'Novecentismo' derives from the Spanish word for the 20th century, highlighting its modernist roots and its departure from 19th-century traditions.
Origins of Novecentismo in Spain
The origins of Novecentismo can be traced back to the dissatisfaction with the dominant literary and artistic trends of the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Spain. Intellectuals and artists sought a new approach that emphasised clarity, formal precision, and a cosmopolitan outlook.
Key factors contributing to the rise of the movement include:
- Reaction against Modernismo: Novecentismo emerged as a response to the perceived excesses and emotionalism of Modernismo, advocating for a more disciplined and cerebral form of art and literature.
- Influence of European trends: Spanish intellectuals drew inspiration from contemporary European movements, particularly the French idea of intellectualism and the German pursuit of scientific rigour and objectivity.
- Institutional support: The establishment of various cultural and educational institutions, such as the Residencia de Estudiantes in Madrid, provided a fertile ground for the development and dissemination of Novecentismo ideas.
A significant cultural institution that nurtured the Novecentismo movement was the Residencia de Estudiantes in Madrid. Founded in 1910, it became a nexus for intellectual exchange, hosting some of the brightest minds of the time, including poets, philosophers, and scientists. This environment fostered a sense of community and collaboration among the proponents of Novecentismo, allowing their ideas to flourish and reach a wider audience.
Novecentismo Literature
Novecentismo literature represents an important phase in Spain's literary history, marking a departure from emotional expressiveness towards rational and intellectual forms of artistic expression. This literature focused on clarity, precision, and social commentary.
Key Authors in Novecentismo Literature
The key authors of Novecentismo made significant contributions to Spanish literature with their distinctive approaches towards realism, intellectualism, and objectivity. Here are some of the most notable authors:
- José Ortega y Gasset: A philosopher and essayist, known for his works on cultural criticism and philosophy. His influence extended beyond literature, affecting Spain's political and intellectual climate.
- Ramón Pérez de Ayala: A novelist and essayist whose works are known for their exploration of ethical and philosophical themes, often using a realist style.
- Gabriel Miró: An influential novelist known for his intricate descriptions and poetic language, bringing a unique aesthetic element to Novecentismo literature.
- Manuel Azaña: Besides being a notable politician, Azaña was also an essayist and literary critic whose works contributed to the intellectual atmosphere of the time.
Gabriel Miró's novel El Obispo Leproso is exemplary of Novecentismo literature, featuring richly detailed prose and a deep exploration of its characters' inner lives, reflecting the movement's emphasis on intellectual and cultural analysis.
Many Novecentismo authors were multidisciplinary, contributing to philosophy, politics, and criticism, reflecting the era's emphasis on intellectual diversity.
Major Works of Novecentismo Literature
Several works from the Novecentismo period are key to understanding its intellectual and aesthetic pursuits. These works remain influential in Spanish literature and culture.
- La Deshumanización del Arte by José Ortega y Gasset: This essay reflects on the changing nature of art and is a critical work in understanding Novecentismo's aesthetic principles.
- Belarmino y Apolonio by Ramón Pérez de Ayala: This novel explores philosophical and ethical questions through two contrasting characters, showcasing the era's intellectual rigor.
- Figuras de la Pasión del Señor by Gabriel Miró: This book is known for its vivid prose and deep religious and aesthetic reflections.
- El Jardín de los Frailes by Manuel Azaña: An autobiographical novel that provides insight into the cultural and political atmosphere of the time.
While most of the Novecentismo literature focused on rationalism and societal issues, some authors like Gabriel Miró brought an almost poetic sensibility to the movement. His works often exhibited a deep sensuality and attention to detail that set them apart, blending intellectual depth with rich, evocative language.
20th Century Spanish Literature
Spanish literature in the 20th century underwent significant transformation, heavily influenced by various literary movements. Among these, Novecentismo played a crucial role in shaping the intellectual landscape of the time.
Impact of Novecentismo on 20th Century Spanish Literature
Novecentismo impacted 20th-century Spanish literature in several profound ways:
- Intellectual Focus: The movement prioritised intellectualism and rationalism over emotional and subjective expression.
- Formal Precision: Writers aimed for clarity and perfection in form, distancing themselves from the ornate style of Modernismo.
- Cosmopolitan Outlook: Novecentismo brought a European perspective, incorporating contemporary trends from other countries.
- Cultural Institutions: Institutions like the Residencia de Estudiantes fostered a hub of intellectual activity, contributing to the literary and cultural development.
A prime example of Novecentismo's influence is the literary magazine Revista de Occidente, founded by José Ortega y Gasset. The publication served as a platform for disseminating modernist ideas and promoting intellectual discourse.
The rational and disciplined approach of Novecentismo can be seen as laying the groundwork for subsequent movements like the Generation of '27.
While Novecentismo's influence is most apparent in literature and philosophy, it also had a considerable impact on other fields like science and politics. Figures such as Manuel Azaña used their literary skills to contribute to political thought and reforms in Spain, demonstrating the movement's far-reaching significance.
Novecentismo Themes
The primary themes of Novecentismo reflected the movement’s intellectual and cultural aspirations:
- Rationalism: A central theme, emphasising logic and reason over emotion.
- Formal Perfection: Commitment to precise and clear literary form.
- Cultural Criticism: Many works critiqued societal norms and cultural practices, advocating for progress and reform.
- European Influence: Drawing from contemporary European intellectual and artistic movements.
- Aesthetic Value: Embracing beauty and artistic merit while maintaining intellectual depth.
Ramón Pérez de Ayala’s novel Belarmino y Apolonio examines ethical and philosophical dilemmas through its characters, showcasing themes of rational inquiry and cultural criticism typical of Novecentismo.
Despite its emphasis on rationalism, Novecentismo did not abandon aesthetics, often merging intellectual content with artistic beauty.
In addition to literature, Novecentismo also influenced visual arts and architecture in Spain, promoting modernist styles that harmonised with the movement’s principles of clarity and form.
Novecentismo Influence
The cultural movement known as Novecentismo had a profound impact on early 20th-century Spain. It influenced various aspects of Spanish culture and intellectual life, leaving a lasting legacy.
Novecentismo's Role in Spanish Culture
Novecentismo redefined Spanish culture by introducing new forms of artistic and intellectual expression. Here are some of its main influences:
- Literature: The movement produced a wealth of literary works that emphasised rationalism and formal precision, shaping the direction of Spanish literature.
- Philosophy: It introduced modern philosophical ideas and encouraged intellectual discourse. Thinkers like José Ortega y Gasset played key roles.
- Visual Arts: Novecentismo also impacted the visual arts, promoting clarity and modernist styles in painting and architecture.
- Education: Educational institutions, such as the Residencia de Estudiantes, became crucial in spreading Novecentismo ideas.
The Residencia de Estudiantes in Madrid, founded in 1910, became a significant institution for fostering Novecentismo. It hosted intellectuals, artists, and scientists, creating an environment where new ideas flourished.
Novecentismo’s emphasis on rationalism and objectivity set the stage for later movements like the Generation of '27.
While often associated with literature and philosophy, Novecentismo’s influence extended into science and politics. Figures like Manuel Azaña used the analytical and intellectual tools of Novecentismo to push for political reforms, demonstrating the movement’s breadth and depth.
Novecentismo's Lasting Influence
Novecentismo's impact endures in modern Spanish culture. Its principles of rationalism, intellectualism, and formal precision continue to reverberate:
- Modern Literary Techniques: The movement paved the way for modern literary techniques and styles, influencing subsequent generations of writers.
- Cultural Criticism: It established a tradition of critical thinking and cultural critique that remains prevalent in contemporary Spanish intellectual circles.
- Educational Reforms: Institutions inspired by Novecentismo have continued to promote innovative educational reforms and intellectual pursuits.
- Philosophical Inquiry: Its emphasis on philosophical inquiry has persisted, encouraging a rigorous approach to studying human thought and culture.
José Ortega y Gasset's essay La Deshumanización del Arte remains influential, offering insights into modernist art's trajectory and continuing to be a reference point in cultural criticism.
The principles and ideals of Novecentismo are still studied in Spanish universities, reflecting the movement's enduring significance.
Beyond Spain, Novecentismo's intellectual tenets have been recognised globally. Its focus on rationality and critical thought resonates with various modernist and post-modernist movements worldwide, highlighting its role as a critical juncture in the evolution of contemporary intellectual history.
Novecentismo in Spain - Key takeaways
- Novecentismo Definition: A Spanish cultural and intellectual movement that emerged around 1914, focusing on rationalism, objectivity, and formal perfection.
- Novecentismo Themes: Key themes include rationalism, formal precision, cultural criticism, European influence, and aesthetic value.
- Key Authors: Notable figures include José Ortega y Gasset, Ramón Pérez de Ayala, Gabriel Miró, and Manuel Azaña, who contributed significantly to Novecentismo literature and intellectual thought.
- Origins and Influence: Novecentismo was a reaction against Modernismo, influenced by European trends, and supported by cultural institutions like the Residencia de Estudiantes in Madrid.
- Impact on 20th Century Spanish Literature: The movement prioritised intellectualism, formal precision, and a cosmopolitan outlook, significantly shaping 20th-century Spanish literature and culture.
Learn faster with the 24 flashcards about Novecentismo in Spain
Sign up for free to gain access to all our flashcards.
Frequently Asked Questions about Novecentismo in Spain
About StudySmarter
StudySmarter is a globally recognized educational technology company, offering a holistic learning platform designed for students of all ages and educational levels. Our platform provides learning support for a wide range of subjects, including STEM, Social Sciences, and Languages and also helps students to successfully master various tests and exams worldwide, such as GCSE, A Level, SAT, ACT, Abitur, and more. We offer an extensive library of learning materials, including interactive flashcards, comprehensive textbook solutions, and detailed explanations. The cutting-edge technology and tools we provide help students create their own learning materials. StudySmarter’s content is not only expert-verified but also regularly updated to ensure accuracy and relevance.
Learn more